jimi

Article Details

Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): September

Articles

​Relationship Between Chemical Exposure and Health Complaints Among Confined-Space Painting Workers

S Septy Anggraini T Taufik Kurrohman M Murniani Murniani R Rendita Dwibarto
08 September 2026 Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): September https://doi.org/10.35912/jimi.v6.n1.p19-28.2026
Abstract
08 Sep 2026

Purpose: This study aimed to determine the relationship between chemical exposure (paint, thinner, and solvent) and health complaints among painting workers in confined spaces at PT Pahala Harapan Lestari in 2026.
Research Methodology: This study employed a quantitative analytical approach with a cross-sectional design. The study involved 30 painting workers selected using total sampling technique. Primary data were collected through structured questionnaires and interviews. Data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate analyses, followed by the chi-square test using IBM SPSS statistics.
Results: The findings indicated a significant relationship between paint exposure and health complaints among painting workers in confined spaces (p=0.006). However, exposure to thinner (p=0.483) and solvent (p=0.224) was not significantly associated with health complaints. The most common complaints after painting activities in confined spaces were dizziness, eye irritation, shortness of breath, nausea, and fatigue.
Conclusions: Paint exposure was significantly associated with health complaints, whereas thinner and solvent exposure showed no significant relationship. These findings highlight the importance of implementing Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) measures, including the proper use of personal protective equipment and adequate workplace ventilation, to reduce chemical exposure.
Limitations: This study was conducted in a single company with a relatively small sample size; therefore, the findings cannot be generalized to the entire shipbuilding industry.
Contributions: This study provides scientific evidence regarding the relationship between chemical exposure and health complaints among confined-space painting workers and may support the improvement of occupational safety and health programs in the shipbuilding industry

Keywords: Chemical Exposure Confined Spaces Health Complaints Painting Workers
How to Cite
“
Anggraini, S., Kurrohman, T., Murniani, M., & Dwibarto, R. (2026). ​Relationship Between Chemical Exposure and Health Complaints Among Confined-Space Painting Workers. Jurnal Ilmu Medis Indonesia, 6(1), 19–28. https://doi.org/10.35912/jimi.v6.n1.p19-28.2026
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS) BibTeX
References
  1. Adiatma, H., Sulandari, S., & Widowati, N. (2016). Study on the Performance of the Occupational Safety and Health Supervisory Committee at PT PLN (Persero) Kudus Service and Network Area. Journal of Public Policy and Management Review, 3(4), 179-189. https://doi.org/10.14710/jppmr
  2. Asrawi, A., Rahayu, E. P., & Tampubolon, H. (2024). Sosialisasi tentang alat pelindung diri kepada pekerja proses pengolahan minyak kelapa sawit PT. PAA. Jurnal Abdimas Multidisiplin, 3(1), 27-31. https://doi.org/10.35912/jamu.v3i1.2981
  3. Ayuningtyas, A.I., & Nasri, S.M. (2021). Health risk assessment of physical and chemical hazards in the painting area of a manufacturing company. The Indonesian Journal of Occupational Safety and Health, 10(2), 247-257. https://doi.org/10.20473/ijosh.v10i2.2021.247-257
  4. Azis, S. d. (2021). Structural Analysis in Mandar Folklore with Robert Stanton's Approach to the Aspect of Narrative Means. Journal of JB-PBSI Indonesian Language and Literature Education, 6(1), 362-371. https://doi.org/10.31604/linguistik.v5i2.362-371
  5. Cavallo, D., Ursini, C. L., Fresegna, A. M., Casale, T., & lavicoli, S. (2021). Occupational exposure in industrial painters : Sensitive and non-invasive biomarkers to evaluate early cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and oxidative stress. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(9), 4645. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18094645
  6. Chen, Y., Li, X., Wang, J., & Zhang, H. (2021). Occupational exposure to volatile organic compounds and respiratory health among industrial workers. International Journal of Environmental Reseearch and Public Health, 18(9), 4875. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18094875
  7. Ghobakhloo, S., Khoshaklagh, A. H., Morais, S., & Mazaheri Tehrani, A. (2023). Exposure to volatile organic compounds n paint production plants : Levels and potential human health risks. Toxics, 11(2), 111. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics11020111
  8. Hafidz, A., Fernandez, D., Setiawan, M., & Hidayat, N. (2025). Design and Build Vehicle Body Painting Spray Booth with Vertical water curtain and Paint Dust Filtration Efficiency Analysis. JTPVI: Indonesian Journal of Vocational Technology and Education, 4(1), 51-62. https://doi.org/10.24036/jtpvi.v4i1.386
  9. Juhanda, J., Maulina, D., & Utami, L. (2026). Worker characteristics and workplace accident association among welding and assembly workers in a manufacturing company. Jurnal Kesehatan dan Keselamatan Kerja, 1(1), 47-60. https://doi.org/10.35912/kesmaker.v1i1.6783
  10. Khusnul Fahmi, Z., Nisa, N. K., Hidayati, N., & Mardiyah. (2024). Recruitment Strategies to Improve Compliance with K3 Standards. Al-Marsus: Journal of Islamic Education Management, 2(2), 190-200. https://doi.org/10.30983/al-marsus.v2i2.8645
  11. Kumar, R., Singh, A., & Sharma, P. (2023). Neurological and respiratory health effects among workers exposed to paint solvents : A cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health, 23, 1847. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-16847-x
  12. Lee, J.H., Kim, S.H., & Park, J.H. (2021). Occupational exposure to volatile organic compounds and respiratory symptoms among industrial workers. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health, 18(15), 8123. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18158123
  13. Nanang Rahmadani, & Muhammad Syafri. (2024). The relationship between exposure to hazardous chemicals in the work environment and health risks in industrial workers. Journal of Strategic Partners, 14(2), 728-732. https://doi.org/10.51171/jms.v14i2.482
  14. Park, S. Y., Kim, J.H., & Lee, K. S. (2022). Health risk assessment of volatile organic compounds among shipyard painting workers. Toxics, 10(11), 668. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics101110668
  15. Prabowo, F. G., Larasati, W. A., & Maulani, S. F. (2026). HIRARC-based occupational health and safety risk analysis in warehouse inbound and outbound operations. Jurnal Kesehatan dan Keselamatan Kerja, 1(1), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.35912/kesmaker.v1i1.6771
  16. Rahmadani, N., & Syafri, M. (2024). The relationship between exposure to hazardous chemicals in the work environment and health risks in industrial workers. Journal of Strategic Partners, 14(2), 728-732. https://doi.org/10.51171/jms.v14i2.482
  17. Sahri, M., Hutapea, O., & Rhomadhoni, M. N. (2020). The Relationship between Worker Characteristics and Health Complaints in Informal Sector Printing Industry Workers. Journal of Public Health Sciences, 9(04), 192-199. https://doi.org/10.33221/jikm.v9i04.721
  18. Sarbiah, A. (2023). Implementation of Occupational Safety and Health (K3) Implementation on Employees. Health Information: Journal of Research. Retrieved from https://myjurnal.poltekkes-kdi.ac.id/index.php/hijp/article/view/1210
  19. Sari, S. D., & Legiran, L. (2024). Cross sectional design for midwifery research. Stethoscope: The Journal of Health Science. Retrieved from https://rumahjurnal.com/index.php/stjhs/article/view/88
  20. Sekhar, L., Venguidesvarane, A.G., Thiruvengadam, G., Sharma, Y., Venugopal, V., Rengarajan, S., & Johnson, P. (2024). Respiratory symptoms and pulmonary function in paint industry workers exposed to volatile organic compounds : A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS ONE, 19(12). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0315464
  21. Seo, S. J., Shin, S. M., Yoon, W., & Byeon, S.H. (2024). A health risk assessment of workers exposed to organic paint solvents used in the Korean shipbuilding industry. Toxics, 12(12), 903. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics12120903
  22. Wahyudi, . I. A. ., Hidayat, N. F., Valentino, M. R. ., & Dwi, M. R. (2025). The Implementation of Occupational Safety and Health (K3) Implementation in Employees. EUNOIA: Journal of Community Service, 4(2), 65-70. https://doi.org/10.36277/eunoia.v4i2.661
  23. Wang, L., Zhao, Y., & Liu, H. (2023). Health effects of volatile organis compounds exposure among manufacturing workers : A systematic review. Environmental Research, 216, 114450. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2022.114450
  24. Wang, X., & Chen, R. (2019). Health risks of volatile organic compounds in industrial painting workers. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(12), 2150. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16122150
License & Copyright
Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.